EXPLORATION

 

 

1. French (Fur)

 

        René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle: Upper Mississippi River--1679

 

        French Canadian Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Vérendrye: Missouri River--1738

 

 

 

2. Spanish (not really in Dakotas, but affected Great Plains)

 

        Acquired Louisiana Purchase from France as a payment for assistance after the French and Indian War--1762

       

            Ceded back to France--1800

 

 

3. English/Canadian (Fur)

 

 

        The major European influence during the late 1700s and early 1800s was the North West Company

 

        David Thompson explored and mapped north Central North Dakota--1797

 

 

4. American (Jeffersonian Agrarianism)

 

        Louisiana Purchase—Southwestern North Dakota acquired by the U.S. in 1803

               

                        Explorations of Lewis and Clark

 

 

        The 49^th Parallel was established as the northern border of North Dakota and the United States in the Convention of

            1818 with the British.

               

                        Stephen Long—Great American Desert

 

 

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Fur Trade

 

 

Major Entities

 

    1. Lewis and Clark

 

    2. Saint Louis Businessmen

 

    3. Hudson Bay Company (Rupert’s Land, 1670)

 

    4. North West Company (French surrendered Canada to Britian, 1763)

 

 

Major Forts and Trading Posts

 

    1. Henry’s Fort

 

    2. Fort Union

 

 

Primary Waterways Routes:

 

    1. Hudson Bay, Hayes River, Lake Winnipeg

    2. St. Lawrence River, Ottawa River, Great Lakes, Lake of the Woods

    3. Mississippi River, Missouri River

 

 

European and/or mixed race settlements along the Red River:

 

    1. Pembina (U.S.)

 

    2. Selkirk Colony (G.B.)

 

    3. Fort Snelling (in St. Paul, MN—major influence on Red River settlements)

 

 

Obstacles

 

 

    1. Too many traders

 

    2. Monopoly

 

    3. Distance

 

    4. Culture

 

    5. Availability of quality fur